Untuk menyampaikan sebuah pemikiran, dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara, lisan dan tulisan. Di dalam penyampaian pemikiran melalui tulisan, gaya bahasa yang digunakan tergantung dari subyek yang dibicarakan. Di dalam bahasa Indonesia terdapat beberapa jenis tulisan yang bisa Anda gunakan untuk menyampaikan sebuah pendapat, informasi atau pemikiran.
Hal ini juga berlaku ketika belajar Bahasa Inggris. Jenis teks pun tidak jauh berbeda, sama seperti bahasa Indonesia, dalam bahasa Inggris terdapat macam-macam jenis teks, yaitu Descriptive, Procedure, Narative, Recount dan Report. Tiap jenis teks diatas memiliki tujuan dan struktur teks yang berbeda.
Untuk lebih lengkapnya, mari kita lihat penjelasan di bawah ini.
1. DESCRIPTIVE
Struktur Teks :
1. DESCRIPTIVE
Teks descriptive adalah teks yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan sebuah objek nyata (orang, tempat ataupun hal lainnya).
Tujuan Descriptive : Memberikan informasi kepada pembaca mengenai ciri-ciri seseorang, benda atau tempat tertentu secara detail agar pembaca merasa seolah-olah melihat sendiri objek yang digambarkan tersebut.
Struktur Teks :
- Pengenalan/Identification : ciri-ciri seseorang, benda atau tempat tertentu yang akan dideskripsikan.
- Deskripsi/Description : menggambarkan ciri-ciri seseorang, benda atau tempat tersebut dengan lebih detail dan khusus (seperti bentuk, ukuran, warna, dsb.)
2. RECOUNT DAN REPORT
Contoh kalimat Descriptive :
My brother who is a sailor came home yesterday after 2 years sailing in the ocean. He brought me a necklace. It is a pretty necklace made of shells. It only has 3 parts of seashells, a big one in the middle accompanied by smaller size by each side. I was so happy to get this necklace. Its colour is white, with a bit of chocolate and blue-purple at its surface shaped like a stroke of a hair. It's near my high school prom, but I haven't found a perfect necklace to perfect my blue dress. I think I found it now.
3. PROCEDURE
Procedure Teks adalah teks yang menjelaskan cara membuat atau melakukan sesuatu dengan runut, misalnya teks ‘Resep Kue Nastar’.
Tujuan Procedure : Memberi petunjuk kepada pembaca untuk melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian langkah.
Struktur Teks :
- Tujuan/Goal/Aim
- Bahan/Alat/Materials/Tools
- Langkah/Steps/Methods.
Contoh Teks Procedure
HOW TO MAKE A DIRT CAKE
Ingredients:
- ½ cup butter, softened
- 1 (8 ounce) package cream cheese, softened
- ½ cup confectioners’ sugar
- 2 (3.5 ounce) packages instant vanilla pudding mix
- 3 ½ cups milk
- 1 (12 ounce) container frozen whipped topping, thawed
- 32 ounces chocolate sandwich cookies with crème filling
Instructions :
- Chop cookies very fine in food processor. The white cream will disappear.
- Mix butter, cream cheese, and sugar in bowl.
- In a large bowl mix milk, pudding and whipped topping together.
- Combine pudding mixture and cream mixture together.
- Layer in flower pot, starting with cookies then cream mixture. Repeat layers.
- Chill until ready to serve.
- Add artificial flowers, worm gummy and trowel. Enjoy!
Recount Teks adalah teks yang menceritakan kembali kejadian yang telah terjadi, dengan menggunakan keterangan waktu yang jelas pada masa lampau
Tujuan Recount : Untuk menceritakan kembali suatu kejadian, peristiwa atau kegiatan di masa lampau kepada pembaca, dengan tujuan memberitakan ataupun menghibur
Struktur Teks :
- Pendahuluan/Orientation (memberi informasi mengenai tokoh pelaku atau benda yang terlibat di dalamnya)
- Rangkaian peristiwa yang terjadi (biasanya disampaikan secara urut)/Event
- Kesimpulan dari rangkaian peristiwa yang terjadi/Reorientation (tidak harus selalu ada pada teks Recount)
Contoh teks Recount
Summer Holiday
On the last summer holiday, I got a chance to visit South Korea with my friends. On the first day, I visited Gyeongbokgung Palace and the National Museum of Korea. After that, we went to dinner and ate traditional food from Korea to restore our energy back after a long flight, Samgyetang. The second day, we went to the Seoul Tower and saw the whole scenery of Seoul from above. Then we go shopping in a shopping district name Hongdae. On the third day, we visit the Jeju Island and stay there for a night. We spent the fourth day on Jeju Island as well, we went around Jeju Volcanic Around which listed as one of the UNESCO's World Heritage. We spent the last day on Seoul, walking around the city, and shopping at Myeondong. It was a great trip with my friends to Seoul. I wish I could go back.
5. REPORT
Report Teks hampir sama dengan Descriptive, namun di teks Report ini lebih memberikan gambaran umum tidak sedetail Descriptive.
Tujuan Report : Untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca mengenai suatu hal apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis.
Struktur Teks :
- Klasifikasi umum/General classification (pengenalan fenomena atau benda yang akan dibicarakan dengan pernyataan umum)
- Deskripsi/Description (uraian atau gambaran bagian-bagian yang umum)
A 6.3-magnitude earthquake rocked the Indonesian island of Lombok on Sunday, sending people fleeing into the streets just two weeks after a quake which killed more than 460 people. The quake was centred west-southwest of Belanting town in East Lombok, the US Geological Survey said, at a relatively shallow depth of 7km.
Residents said the earthquake was felt strongly in east Lombok.
The tremor was also felt in the island’s capital Mataram and on the neighbouring resort island of Bali. It comes two weeks after a shallow 6.9-magnitude quake on 5 August levelled tens of thousands of homes, mosques and businesses across Lombok.
Indonesia, an archipelago of thousands of islands, sits on the so-called Pacific “ring of fire”, where tectonic plates collide and many of the world’s volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.
6. NARRATIVE
Narrative Teks yang menceritakan suatu kejadian mengikuti alur waktu.
Tujuan Narrative : Menghibur pembaca dengan kejadian nyata, seolah-olah pembaca mengalami sendiri kejadian tersebut.
- Pengenalan latar (tokoh, waktu dan tempat)/Orientation
- Pengembangan konflik/Complication
- Penyelesaian konflik/Reorientation
- Pelajaran yang dapat dipetik oleh pembaca/Reorientation
The Bearded Man and The Little Prince
Once, there was a poor bearded man who made of close friendship with a little prince.
A poor bearded man named Maju lives alone in the middle of the wood of Dorasan Village. Everybody scared of him, especially the kids. The parent always told their children not to get near his place, "he might eat you" they said.
One day, the prince of the Kingdom of Dorasan Village, Hansol, was kidnapped by the King's servant who wants to coup d'etat him. He was tied in the middle of the forest, and the servant leaves him to tell the King that his son died.
The Prince might die if it's not Maju who saves the Prince and takes care of him on his place. Maju gave him food, treat his wound until he healthy enough to come home. The Prince realises that Maju is not bad people like what everybody said.
After the Prince got his energy back, he told his father everything. The King then punished the traitor and gave Maju a job and proper place to live near the palace. Maju became the Prince's best friend and protector ever since.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar